It consists of three steps: pose a question, collect data to answer the question, and present an answer to the question. Creswell, who states that "research is a process of steps used to collect and analyze information to increase our understanding of a topic or issue". Īnother definition of research is given by John W. In formal sense it is a systematic study of a problem attacked by a deliberately chosen strategy which starts with choosing an approach to preparing blue print (design) acting upon it in terms of designing research hypotheses, choosing methods and techniques, selecting or developing data collection tools, processing the data, interpretation and ends with presenting solution/s of the problem. Research in simplest terms is searching for knowledge and searching for truth. Research has been defined in a number of different ways, and while there are similarities, there does not appear to be a single, all-encompassing definition that is embraced by all who engage in it. The earliest recorded use of the term was in 1577. The word research is derived from the Middle French " recherche", which means "to go about seeking", the term itself being derived from the Old French term " recerchier" a compound word from "re-" + "cerchier", or "sercher", meaning 'search'. The scientific study of research practices is known as meta-research.Īristotle, (384–322 BC), one of the early figures in the development of the scientific method There are several forms of research: scientific, humanities, artistic, economic, social, business, marketing, practitioner research, life, technological, etc. Approaches to research depend on epistemologies, which vary considerably both within and between humanities and sciences. The primary purposes of basic research (as opposed to applied research) are documentation, discovery, interpretation, and the research and development (R&D) of methods and systems for the advancement of human knowledge. To test the validity of instruments, procedures, or experiments, research may replicate elements of prior projects or the project as a whole. A research project may be an expansion on past work in the field. It involves the unbiased collection, organization and analysis of information to increase understanding of a topic or issue. Research is " creative and systematic work undertaken to increase the stock of knowledge". Library of Congress, Thomas Jefferson Building, in Washington, D.C.
Basrelief sculpture "Research holding the torch of knowledge" (1896) by Olin Levi Warner.
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